December 1572 – July 1573 · Holland Theater
December 1572 – July 1573
Haarlem held out for seven months against Alba's son, its citizens — women among them, led by legend and probably by fact by Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer — fighting on the walls. When it finally surrendered on terms, the garrison was massacred anyway: some 2,000 soldiers executed, many tied back-to-back and thrown into the Spaarne to drown.
Commanders